3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)

Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :

\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Bài 2:

Thay $1=a+b+c$ và áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}{abc}\)

\(=\frac{(a+a+b+c)(b+a+b+c)(c+a+b+c)}{abc}\)

\(\geq \frac{4\sqrt[4]{a.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{b.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{c.a.b.c}}{abc}=\frac{64abc}{abc}=64\)

Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\cdot\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{4}}=a\)

Chứng minh tương tự :

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b;\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2a+2b+2c\right)\ge a+b+c\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) Dấu= xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào các số dương a,b,c:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b}\cdot b}=2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}\ge2a-b\)

Chứng minh tương tự ta được:

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c}\ge2b-c;\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge2c-a\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge2a+2b+2c-a-b-c=a+b+c\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si dạng phân số ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)

=> ĐPCM .

b) Vì a,b,c > 0 .

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2a\) (1)

Tương tự ta có : \(\dfrac{b^2}{c}+c\ge2b\) (2)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{a}+a\ge2c\) (3)

Cộng từng vế => ĐPCM .

Áp dụng BĐT AG-GM:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}+b^2}=\dfrac{a^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

Cmtt \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{b^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\dfrac{c^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng vế theo vế của bất đẳng thức:

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AG-GM:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\dfrac{b}{2}\)

Cmtt\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{c}{2}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng vế theo vế

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\\ \ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-\dfrac{b}{2}+b-\dfrac{c}{2}+c-\dfrac{a}{2}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2.ab.b^2}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)

Tương tự và cộng lại ta sẽ có đpcm

Xét:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}-\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{a\left(ab+ac-b^2-c^2\right)}{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)}{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(b+c\right)}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2+a^2}-\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{bc\left(b-c\right)+ba\left(b-a\right)}{\left(c^2+a^2\right)\left(c+a\right)}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}-\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{ca\left(c-a\right)+cb\left(c-b\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)}\) (3)

Cộng từng vế (1)(2)(3) ta được:

\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}\right)-\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)\)

\(=ab\left(a-b\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(a+c\right)}\right]+ac\left(a-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)}\right]+bc\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)}\right]\) => ĐPCM

Toshiro Kiyoshi

Akai Haruma

Mashiro Shiina